Statistical Data Analysis - I: Step by Step Guide to SPSS & MINITAB by Mallawarachchi Lakmini

Author:Mallawarachchi, Lakmini [Mallawarachchi, Lakmini]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: UNKNOWN
Published: 2020-06-08T16:00:00+00:00

Step 2: In the ‘Graphical Summary’ dialog box, add the desired variables in to the variables list that are required to analyze.

Step 3: Click the ok button in the ‘Graphical Summary’ dialog box to generate the output as presented below.

Summary for Sales

300 320 340 360 380

9 5 % Confidence Intervals

A nderson-Darling N ormality Test A -S quared 0.20

P -V alue 0.845

M ean 338.82

StDev 30.42

V ariance 925.36

Skew ness 0.231257

Kurtosis -0.973454

N 11

M inimum 295.00

1st Q uartile 310.00

M edian 335.00

3rd Q uartile 361.00

M aximum 388.00

95% C onfidence Interv al for M ean 318.38 359.25

95% C onfidence Interv al for M edian 309.59 362.56

95% C onfidence Interv al for S tDev 21.25 53.38

Mean

Median

310 320 330 340 350 360 370

CHAPTHER THREE: GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION

3.1 Frequency Distribution

The number of observations that relates into particular class (or category) of the qualitative variable is called the frequency (or count) of that class. A table listing all classes and their distribution.

frequencies is called a frequency

Cumulative frequency (cumulative relative frequency) is obtained by

summing the frequencies (relative frequencies) of all classes up to the specific class. In a case of qualitative variables, cumulative frequencies makes sense only for ordinal variables, not for nominal variables.

Generally, by using SPSS and Minitab, raw data is processed. This means, each unit of sample is entered one at a time. As for an example, if the sample size is 100, there will be 100 rows of data in the data file. However, both these softwares have the options to analyze these data and produce results in the form of a frequency table.

Example 3.1: Get the frequency distribution, for the data set.

Year Month Sales Company

2018 January 310 A

2018 February 305 A

2018 March 295 A

2018 April 340 A

2018 November 361 A

2018 December 380 A

2019 January 388 B

2019 February 358 B

2019 March 320 B

2019 April 335 B

2019 June 335 B Step 1: Analyze→ Descriptive Statistics→Frequencies

Step 2: In the ‘Frequencies’ dialog box, add the desired variables in to the list of variables that are required to analyze.

Step 3: In order to obtain the frequency distribution in the output, make sure that the box labeled as display frequency tables is checked. Step 4: Click the ok button in the ‘Frequencies’ dialog box to generate the output as presented below

Example 3.2 : Ages of 38 people are given below.

34,60,40,72,37,33,42,62,49,32,52,40,31,19,68,55,58,54,37,32,54,38,20,50, 56,48,35,52,29,56,68,65,45,42,54,39,29,56

Summarize the data in a frequency table by using SPSS.

Step 1: Transform → Recode in to different variables

Step 2: In the ‘Recode in to different variables’ dialogue box, select Age as the numeric variable and under the output variable, include new name as ‘Age_cat’ and press ‘change’.

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